Mga Tao sa Likod ng ating Electrical Convenience Ngayon

• Ang pinakaunang electrical engineer na nabuhay noong 17 th century ay si WILLIAM GILBERT, isang scientist at natural philosoper. Sabi nga , siya ang father ng electricity at magnetism.
  

• William concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was the reason compasses point north (previously, some believed that it was the pole star (Polaris) or a large magnetic island on the north pole that attracted the compass). He was the first to argue, correctly, that the centre of the Earth was iron, and he considered an important and related property of magnets was that they can be cut, each forming a new magnet with north and south poles.

• In his book, he also studied static electricity using amber; amber is called elektron in Greek, so Gilbert decided to call its effect the electric force. Sya ang gumawa ng unang electroscope, gamit ang isang karayom.

• Ang pinakaunang tao naman na gumamit ng word na ELECTRICITY naman ay si Sir Thomas Browne, isang manunulat, Ang salita ay galing sa LATIN word na electricus, meaning "like amber".
  

• Sinundan si William Gilbert ni Alesandro Volta, isang physicist, na syang nakagawa ng BATTERY o ng unang electric cell. Sya ang nakadiskubre sa electric capaitance (C), sa charge (Q) at sa electric potential (V). ( Q = CV)

• Di rin pwedeng mawala sa listahan si ginawa ni Benjamin Franklin sa kanyang researches. Sya lang ang bukod tanging nagpalipad ng saranggola habang umuuln ng malakas at nagpatunay na ang kidlat ay isang klase ng kuryente. Dun din pumasok sa kanyang mga pagsasaliksik ang teorya sa grounding at marami pang iba.
  

• Pagkatapos sa kanya ay si George Ohm, isang German physicist at guro, na sya namang nagexplain ng pagkakaiba ng electric current at potential difference sa isang conductor na nagsimula ng electrical circuit analysis. Sikat ang kanyang OHMS LAW V = IR, at mula sa kanyang mga nagawang principle, ay ang applications na ng electric current.

• Andyan din si Michael Faraday, ang nag-imbento ng electric motor. Sa kanya nagsimula ang electromagnetic induction. Isang chemist at physicist, pinaghalong nya ang dalawang science at nabuo ang electrochermistry.
  

• Si Nikola Tesla naman kung saan pinangalan ang unit ng electromagnetic flux, ang "tesla", hehe. Sya naman ay nagconcentrate sa electromechanical engineering. Sa AC machines at sa polypahse, panalong panalo tayo sa kanyang mga ibinahaging kaalaman.

• Si Thomas Edison naman ang pinakapaborito ko. Siya lang naman ang nakaimbento ng motion-picture camera at ang nagdala ng liwanag sa ating kabahayan sa kanyang naimbentong "ELECTRIC BULB". At an early age, Thomas Edison developed a hearing impairment, pero di ito naging hadlang para di sya magtagumpay. Napunta sila sa Michigan ng kanyang pamilya at dun ay nagtinda sya ng mga candy, newspaper at mga gulay. At dahil sa likas na madiskarte, ang maliit na businessman ay swerteng napasok sa GENERAL ELECTRIC, isang malaking company. Quotable quote: We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles." =)

Electrical Safety Tips

Parang matchsticks, ang konting spark ay pwedeng makagawa ng malaking sunog. Sabi nga din, ang kuryente ay tamad. Kung saan ang pinakamadali at pinakamaikling daanan para sa kanya, yun ang kanyang pupuntahan.

It tries to find a conductor, or something that it can pass through to get to the ground, like metal, wet wood or water. Your body is about 70% water, so that makes you a good conductor, too. For example, if you touch an energized bare wire or faulty appliance while your feet are touching the ground, electricity will automatically pass through you to the ground, causing a harmful, or even fatal shock.

It only takes one mistake to spark an electrical fire, but simple prevention measures can be effective solutions.

1) APPLIANCES

• Unplug unused appliances and stow cords safely out of reach of pets, young children or hazardous situations.

• Appliances that generate heat, such as clocks, televisions and computer monitors, should be given several inches of clearance all around for good air circulation and cooling. Do not drape clothes, toys or other items over warm appliances.

• Always follow appliance instructions carefully, and do not attempt amateur repairs or upgrades.

• Keep all electrical appliances away from water such as sinks, bathtubs, pools or overhead vents that may drip.

• Do not operate any electrical appliance with wet hands or while standing in water.

Cords

Every electrical appliance has a cord, and many homes use extension cords to increase the range of electrical outlets. Ito naman ang mga dapat tandaan pagdating sa mga electrical cords.

• Check cords regularly for frays, cracks or kinks, including power tool cords, holiday lights and extension cords.
  

• Cords are not be jump ropes, clothes lines or leashes, and should never be used for anything other than their intended purpose.

• Cords should be firmly plugged into outlets – if the cord is loose and can pull out easily, choose a different, more snug outlet.

• Do not staple or nail cords in position at any time; if the cord does not remain where desired, use tape or twist ties to secure it.

• Cords should not be placed beneath rugs where they can become a trip hazard or where frays will not be noticeable. Furthermore, covering a cord will prevent it from keeping as cool as possible.

• Do not make modifications to a cord’s plug at any time – do not clip off the third prong or attempt to file down a wider prong to fit in a different outlet.

• Extension cords are a temporary solution only and their use should be minimized whenever possible.

Outlets

Every cord has to plug into an appropriate electrical outlet, but these tempting niches are inviting to unwelcome objects that can cause shorts and fires. Use these electrical safety tips at home to keep outlets safe.

• Block unused outlets by changing to a solid cover plate or using childproof caps.

• Do not overload outlets with multiple adaptors or power strips; relocate cords instead.

• Never put any object other than the appropriate size plug into an outlet.

• Install ground fault circuit interrupter outlets in potentially hazardous areas such as near pools, crawlspaces, kitchens, bathrooms and unfinished basements.

• Keep all outlets properly covered with secure plates that cover all wiring.

Light Bulbs

Light bulbs are the single most common electrical fixture in homes, and proper light bulb safety can keep them from becoming a common electrical hazard.

• Use bulbs that have the correct wattage requirements for each fixture -- using a higher wattage bulb can cause the fixture to overheat.

• Consider switching to more efficient compact fluorescent bulbs that provide the same level of light at a lower wattage level.

• Always screw bulbs in tightly; a loose bulb can cause sparks or shorts.

• Be sure to unplug or turn off a fixture completely before changing light bulbs.

KAIC, THE unpopular

Kaic, well sino ba ang nakakalam nun. Kahit ang mga estudyante sa engineering ay kalimitang di alam kung bakit kailangan ito. KILOAMPERE INTERRUPTING CAPACITY -- ang hirap naman idefine. Hahay.. Kung mapapansin mo, ang protective devices na karamihan makikita sa mga electrical plans at mga drawing ay merong continuous current rating, (ang karaniwang power consumption ng load habang ginagamit ang kuryente). Pero ang KAIC, well, paminsan-minsan lang, at hindi masyadong napapansin. Ang KAIC ngayon ang most taken-for-granted components in system designing.
Ganito kasi yun, ang ang nga circuit breaker ay meron tatlong mahahalagang components. Ang contiunous current rating, ang voltage rating at ang pangatlo ay ang interrupting capacity rating. Ang KAIC na ito ang maximum tolerable amount ng current sa twing magtritrip ang circuit breaker NANG HINDI NASISIRA.
Depende sa load ang KAIC. Halimbawa, pag sa mga lighting lang o sa mga residential lang na mga load, karaniwang umaabot sa 7-10 KAIC. Pero pag mero nang mga industrial na ginagamitan ng mga motor, 15 KAIC o pataas na ang kinakailangan nito. Ang mga circuit breaker, aside sa continuous current na dapat bigyang pansin, ay kailangan din tingnan ang KAIC para di ito
madaling masira pagdating ng araw.

Pwedeng masabi na ang KAIC ay aftershock component. Pag hindi nakayanan ng breaker ang faul currrent, pwede ding itong madisintegrate. Kung ang CIRCUIT BREAKER ay nadoon para protektahan ang ating mga linya ng kuryente, kailangan din nitong maprotektahan ang mismong SARILI nya.

(Medium voltage circuit breaker na undersized sa KAIC. Nagkaroon lang ng fault ay sumabog ang breaker at nasunog)







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