Saturday, August 28, 2010

Makukulay na Wires


Ang pagtrip ng MAIN BREAKER o pagkuha ng MAIN FUSE ay isa sa pinakaunang dapat gawin pag merong pagkakaabalahan o dapat kalikutin.
Pwede ding gumamit ang kahit na sino ng neon tester o screwdriver na umiilaw pag itinatapat sa wiring na live.

At para miwasan ang anumang pagkakamali, pwede ding tingnan ang kulay ng mga wire.

Sa electrical, karamihan ay COLOR CODED.

1) White wires - almost always connect to other white wires or to chrome terminal screws on switches and receptacles.

2) Black wires always signify “hot” wires that conduct electricity to an outlet or switch. These are never to be utilized for a ground or neutral connection.

3) Red wires also signify “hot” wires or switch legs. In 220-volt installations, the red wire is considered the second “hot” wire.

4)
Blue and yellow wires are also used for “hot” wires, usually being pulled into a conduit. Blue is usually used for travelers in three way and four way switches or as switch legs in lights and fans.

5) Yellow wires and typically used as switch legs to control switched outlets.

5) Green and bare wires and only used as ground wires. They will ground what you are working on and will normally be bonded to appliance connection and junction boxes for safety.


Madaling malaman ang mga dapat at hindi sa electrical wiring. Sa bawat kulay na meron ang isang wire, ito'y nananatiling palatandaan kung delikado ito o hindi at kung saan ito nakaconnect sa isang circuito.

pump motor control, para sa tubig

Saturday, July 17, 2010

A Day of Troubleshooting

No system is a perfect. Even a system with NO MOVING PARTS is subject to failures due to certain circumstances. Kaya, sa isang lugar, mapalaki man o maliit, ang maintenance personnel ay may malaking gamit. O kahit hindi ka maintenance personnel, ang ilang simpleng kaalaman sa troubleshooting ay mahalaga para sa mga emergencies.

ISSUE:

Breaker tends to go to TRIP POSITION when TURNED ON. Hindi matukoy ng technician kung saan ang sira.

Solution.

1) Do PERSONAL OBSERVATION. If possible, go blindly to whatever the others are saying and

try to see the problem by yourself FIRST.

2) Listen to others. After getting an own observation, listen to what the others are saying, what solutions have tried to be done or if there are other complications that have been added to the picture:

**Unang tiningnan ang label ng mga breaker. Dahil nakaligtaan ang directory at walang specific na tag sa tapat ng mga breaker, mahirap makita kung saang circuito ang may diperensya.

Ang sabi ng isang electrician, tiningnan nila ang electrical plan ng building pero wala sila makita. (**Note: Hindi lahat ng circuito sa building ay makikita sa plano,kasi hindi naman lahat ay nasususnod sa actual at minsan pa ay merong nagagalaw)Assessment: Dalawa lang ang klase ng circuit na nakatap sa panel. Una, ang synchronous pump motor para sa tubig, pangalawa para sa lighting. Pero malabong sa synchronous motor ang diperensya kasi gumagana naman ang mga ito.

3) Pinpoint location or affected circuit.

** Naglibot ang isa pang electrician sa paligid. Tiningnan ang wala pang mga ilaw.

Para malaman, Lahat ng breaker, kahit ang mga nakaoff ay pina-SWITCH ON para makita kung saang ang mga ilaw ang hindi gumagana. Tapos ay isa-isang ini-OFF.At nakita nga po ang sang ilang poste na di gumagana sa labas ng building.



4) CATEGORIZE and DETERMINE possible CAUSES.

In any failure, we have 5 general categories:

a) item, equipment or device doesn’t work ( b) flickering of light, blinking (c) dimming or brightening of light sometimes (d) item, equipment or device doesn’t turn off

e) shock


From those categories, malalaman natin kung ano ang possible causes. Like for example, if we experience shock, GROUNDING ang cause nito. Pag hindi naman na-oOFF, baka miswiring ng item or device. Nasa control system ang problema. Sa pagkakataong ito, dahil hindi gumagana ang ilaw, posibleng poor wiring connection, overload, ground, o short circuitang problema.


**Elimination Method

Una, hindi maaaring overload kasi wala naming dinagdag na motor o utilitization equipment. Pangalawa, hindi din poor wiring connection kasi ngayon lang nangyari ang pagTRIP ng breaker. Kaya dalawa na lang ang maaaring issue dito,grounding at short circuit.

5) Use INSTRUMENTS to evaluate the affected area.


**Gamit ang multimeter, isa isang tiningnan ng masipag na electrician ang lahat ng poste. About 2 ft from ground, there’s a small opening in the lighting post, for the wiring of the street lamps. Sa dami ng koneksyn, isa isang hinimay ng technicianang lahat ng wire sa bawat poste ng ilaw na di gumagana. At sa isang tago at maliit na wire,nakita ng electrician ang kong bakbak na.Napakaliit lang na exposed wiring na dumidikit sa poste na metal, kaya nagtrip agad ang breaker.



6) Do necessary action.

** Corrective action - nilagyan lang ng electrical tape ang wire at naayos ang problema.

Saturday, July 3, 2010

Inside the BIG BOX

Parang sa larong CHESS, ang bawat bahagi ng magnetic control ay may kanya-kanyang operasyon. Bawat isa ay nagtutulungan para madepensahan ang kanilang hari, TAYONG MGA TAO.

MCC, 440 V, Free-standing in Nema I enclosure and to contain the ff:

Main: 700 AT, 3P, MCCB

Metering:
1 - Digital multimeter
5 - Cylindrical fuse
3 - current transformer

Ang main circuit breaker ay mahahalintulad sa isang reyna. Sya ang pinakamalaking proteksyon sa control circuit. Sya ang humaharang sa mga aksidenteng pwedeng mangyari.

Ang Digital Multimeter naman ang BISHOP. Sya ang kanang kamay ng
CIRCUIT BREAKER.
Katulad ng bishop, ito'y nagsisilbing tagamonitor sa daloy ng kuryente. Iba't ibang klase ng importanteng impormasyon ang pwedeng makita dito kasama na ang boltahe, amperahe, power, hertz at iba pa)

Ang mga fuse naman at current transformer ang mga pawn. Bilang auxiliary devices, sila ay tulong para sa malaking equipment gaya ng metro.


to be continued...




Saturday, June 19, 2010

Electrical Superstitions?? hehe

1) Tuwing kumikidlat ay takot ang mga taong baka pumasok ito sa linya ng kuryente at mag cause ng sunog o aksidente sa mga appliances sa bahay. Andyan minsan ang tatawag ang boss sa isang building para patanggalin ang lahat ng nakasaksak na equipments kasi baka masira.

Maling paniniwala: Ang kuryente nga, sabi nila ay tamad. Kung saan ang pinakamalapit na pwede daanan ay dun sya pupunta. Halimbawa nalang ang isang tao sa gitna ng malawak na bukid. Sa ulan, kidlat at kulog, ang pinakamaingat nyang magagawa ay DUMAPA at magpaulan. Delikadong lumapit sa isang MATAAS na puno at sumukob kasi ang tendency ay pumunta ang kidlat sa pinakamataas na kahit ano na nakatayo.

Ang unang dapat makita ng taong takot sa kidlat ay kung ang kinaroroonang lugar ba ay mataas, o ang building ba ang pinakamataas sa lugar. Pero dapat din nyang tandaan na meron namang lightning arrester na andyan para proteksyonan tayo laban sa delikadong mga kidlat.

2) Minsan para macheck ang boltahe ng power supply ay gumamit ng voltmeter ang isa kong kakilala. Ang 220 V ay dapat pumalo sa 12 V para sa maliit na device na gagamitin nila kaya meron itong sariling transformer. At laking gulat nya, hindi 12 V ang nakita nya, 8 V. Meron bang dapat ipagbahala? Haruy..

Maling paniniwala: Ang kuryente ay pabago-bago ang boltahe. Ang nominal voltage nating 230V dito sa pilipinas o 115V sa ibang bansa gaya ng Japan ay isa lang numero. Ngayon ay pwedeng pumalo ang kuryente sa 230 or mas mataas pa, mayamaya ay pwede ring bumaba . Kaya acceptable pa din sa atin ang 220 at 240 na +10 o -10 V. Ang 8 V na nakukuha sa supposedly 12 V na labas ng kuryente ay di nakapagtataka. Pwede tumaas ito sa 12 V o bumaba, depende sa pumapasok na supply galing sa MERALCO o anumang utility company.

ang lawak ng electrical angineering.. sobrang lawak. hehe

Sa electrical engineering, maraming field and pwede pasukin. Nandyan ang supply and installation, maintenance and supervisory, design and estimate, sa power system, andyan din ang consultancy, pwede magbypass sa safety engineering o kaya pumasok sa calibration ng instruments, o kaya mag qtms or quality, testing and monitoring standards na isa sa pinakaimportanteng aspect ng products at services.


Well, sa anumang klase ng trabaho meron sa electrical, lahat dapat accurate at sigurado. Di pwede magkamali kasi kuryente po ang kalaban dito. Haruy.

Thursday, April 29, 2010

Fire Alarm System

Sunog! Sunog! Sunog!! =( sunog buhay tepok. haruy... kaya kailangan atin bahay fire alarm system.

Fire Alarm Systems

A home fire alarm system is usually part of a total security system providing burglary protection in addition to fire protection. Such a system supervises doors, windows, and spaces within the home for break-in and may provide monitoring services by dialing your telephone to report a fire or intrusion to a security office, where it will be reported to your local police or fire department.

Components of the System

These systems consist of a central control panel to which smoke alarms and heat detectors are connected, along with bells or horns that are activated when the system triggers an alarm. Other sensors associated with the burglary functions connect to doors and windows or monitor rooms for motion or body heat. The control panel operates from house power but also usually contains an emergency battery which can operate the system for about 24 hours during a power outage.

The basic requirements for the number and locations of alarms are exactly the same as with the self-contained alarms discussed previously. The difference is that a fire alarm system gives you more flexibility to locate additional alarms and additional bells or horns (or flashing lights, should a person in the household be hearing impaired).

Fire alarm systems that provide remote monitoring services can also be used to provide medical alert services. Here a person with health problems who lives alone carries a radio transmitter that can trigger the system in case they need assistance. Signals received at the monitoring station are identified by type (fire, burglary, medical alert) so that the proper response can be made.

Why Have a Residential Fire Alarm System?

The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.

Another advantage is that they are the only way to obtain remote monitoring services. This becomes important in cases where family members may not be capable of escaping from a fire without assistance. For example, if you have an older or physically impaired person in your home and a fire started when no one was home to assist that person, alarms alone might not be enough to assure their safety.

A feature of most monitoring services is the ability to keep special information on the residence which comes up on the computer screen whenever an alarm is received from that home. Thus, if there is a disabled person in the home who needs special assistance this fact will be known to the operator and can be passed along to the fire department when they are called.
http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pyfff/alarmsys.html

FYI's =)