MAINIT na LINYA

Pano pag ang isang linya ay MAS MAINIT kesa sa iba??

1) Una tingnan muna kung unbalanced ang circuit. Isa isang tingnan ang amperaha at kung mas mataas ito kesa sa iba.

2) Tingnan kung MALUWAG ang terminal. Pag maluwag kasi ang dinadaluyan ng kuryente, chances are, exposed ang wire, may tendency magleak ang current, kakalat ito, hindi masyadong nakokontrol ang circuit at mas iinit ang wire.

3) Idouble check baka me sunog na part. Sakaling naputulan na ang kable dati pa, nung nasunog ito, siguraduhing LAHAT NG SUNOG ay wala na dun. Kahit gaano kaunti ng sunog pag naroon pa rin sa circuit, maaaring magdulot pa rin ito ng problema.

Note: pag me sunog na area sa kable, di nakakadaloy nang maayos ang kuryente, nagtatambak (natratrapik?) sa isang lugar kaya umiinit. Katagalan, ang kaunting sunog ay lalaki nang lalaki hanggang sa bumigay ang kable. Lalo pa kung ito ay nasa dulo, masusunog ang terminal sa breaker. =)

Trouble? Maghanap ba?

Karaniwang electrical problems: faulty wiring, maraming appliances sa isang circuit, sirang switch at receptacles, defective electrical cords, etc. Ang short circuit ay nagyayari lamang pag ang hot wire ay natama sa neutral o sa ground wire. Ang extrang current na dumadaan sa conductors ay magpapatrip sa breaker.

Note: I-off ang breaker at RESET. Heto ang limang kondisyon na dapat tingnan sa pagtrtroubleshoot ng electrical fault.

1) PAG NAGTRIP KAAGAD ang breaker ==> ang switch o receptacle ay shorted
2) PAG HINDI NAGTRIP ANG BREAKER AGAD ==> iturn off lahat ng appliances o load, o switches at isa isang pagananahin.
3)PAG NAGTURN ON NG ISANG SWITCH AT NAGTRIP ANG BREAKER ==> merong short circuit sa fixture o receptacle na kinokontrol ng switch
4) PAG HINDI GUMANA ANG CIRCUIT PAGKATAPOS IPLUG ANG APPLIANCE ==> ang problema ay nasa electrical cord ng appliance
5) PAG HINDI GUMANA ANG CIRCUIT PAGKATAPOS I-TURN ON ANG APPLIANCE ==> ang appliance mismo ang depektibo

Engineering Jokes

Heto ang mga engneering jokes na nakakaaliw at nakakuha ng aking atensyon. ;p
1)

Efficiency Expert

The efficiency expert concluded his lecture with a note of caution. "You don't want to try these techniques at home."

"Why not?" asked someone from the back of the audience.

"I watched my wife's routine at breakfast for years," the expert explained.

"She made lots of trips to the refrigerator, stove, table and cabinets, often carrying just a single item at a time. 'Hon,' I suggested, 'Why don't you try carrying several things at once?'"

The voice from the back asked, "Did it save time?"

The expert replied, "Actually, yes. It used to take her 20 minutes to get breakfast ready. Now I do it in seven." (oo nag naman, hehe)

2) The Misplaced Engineer

An engineer dies and reports to the pearly gates. St. Peter checks his dossier and says, "Ah, you're an engineer - You're in the wrong place."

Pretty soon, the engineer gets dissatisfied with the level of comfort in hell, and starts designing and building improvements. After a while, they've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and the engineer is a pretty popular guy.

One day God calls Satan up on the phone and says with a sneer,"So, how's it going down there in hell?"

Satan replies, "Hey, things are going great. We've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and there's no telling what this engineer is going to come up with next."

God replies, "What? You've got an engineer? That's a mistake - he should never have gotten down there. Send him back up."

Satan says, "No way. I like having an engineer on the staff, and I'm keeping him."

God says, "Send him back up here or I'll sue!"

Satan laughs uproariously and answers, "Yeah, right. And just where are you going to get a lawyer?" (well, NC)

Makukulay na Wires

Ang pagtrip ng MAIN BREAKER o pagkuha ng MAIN FUSE ay isa sa pinakaunang dapat gawin pag merong pagkakaabalahan o dapat kalikutin.

Pwede ding gumamit ang kahit na sino ng neon tester o screwdriver na umiilaw pag itinatapat sa wiring na live.

At para miwasan ang anumang pagkakamali, pwede ding tingnan ang kulay ng mga wire.

Sa electrical, karamihan ay COLOR CODED.

1) White wires - almost always connect to other white wires or to chrome terminal screws on switches and receptacles.

2) Black wires always signify “hot” wires that conduct electricity to an outlet or switch. These are never to be utilized for a ground or neutral connection.

3) Red wires also signify “hot” wires or switch legs. In 220-volt installations, the red wire is considered the second “hot” wire.

4) Blue and yellow wires are also used for “hot” wires, usually being pulled into a conduit. Blue is usually used for travelers in three way and four way switches or as switch legs in lights and fans.

5) Yellow wires and typically used as switch legs to control switched outlets.

5) Green and bare wires and only used as ground wires. They will ground what you are working on and will normally be bonded to appliance connection and junction boxes for safety.


Madaling malaman ang mga dapat at hindi sa electrical wiring. Sa bawat kulay na meron ang isang wire, ito'y nananatiling palatandaan kung delikado ito o hindi at kung saan ito nakaconnect sa isang circuito.

pump motor control, para sa tubig

A Day of Troubleshooting

No system is a perfect. Even a system with NO MOVING PARTS is subject to failures due to certain circumstances. Kaya, sa isang lugar, mapalaki man o maliit, ang maintenance personnel ay may malaking gamit. O kahit hindi ka maintenance personnel, ang ilang simpleng kaalaman sa troubleshooting ay mahalaga para sa mga emergencies.

ISSUE:

Breaker tends to go to TRIP POSITION when TURNED ON. Hindi matukoy ng technician kung saan ang sira.

Solution.

1) Do PERSONAL OBSERVATION. If possible, go blindly to whatever the others are saying and

try to see the problem by yourself FIRST.

2) Listen to others. After getting an own observation, listen to what the others are saying, what solutions have tried to be done or if there are other complications that have been added to the picture:

**Unang tiningnan ang label ng mga breaker. Dahil nakaligtaan ang directory at walang specific na tag sa tapat ng mga breaker, mahirap makita kung saang circuito ang may diperensya.

Ang sabi ng isang electrician, tiningnan nila ang electrical plan ng building pero wala sila makita. (**Note: Hindi lahat ng circuito sa building ay makikita sa plano,kasi hindi naman lahat ay nasususnod sa actual at minsan pa ay merong nagagalaw)Assessment: Dalawa lang ang klase ng circuit na nakatap sa panel. Una, ang synchronous pump motor para sa tubig, pangalawa para sa lighting. Pero malabong sa synchronous motor ang diperensya kasi gumagana naman ang mga ito.

3) Pinpoint location or affected circuit.

** Naglibot ang isa pang electrician sa paligid. Tiningnan ang wala pang mga ilaw.

Para malaman, Lahat ng breaker, kahit ang mga nakaoff ay pina-SWITCH ON para makita kung saang ang mga ilaw ang hindi gumagana. Tapos ay isa-isang ini-OFF.At nakita nga po ang sang ilang poste na di gumagana sa labas ng building.

4) CATEGORIZE and DETERMINE possible CAUSES.

In any failure, we have 5 general categories:

a) item, equipment or device doesn’t work ( b) flickering of light, blinking (c) dimming or brightening of light sometimes (d) item, equipment or device doesn’t turn off

e) shock

From those categories, malalaman natin kung ano ang possible causes. Like for example, if we experience shock, GROUNDING ang cause nito. Pag hindi naman na-oOFF, baka miswiring ng item or device. Nasa control system ang problema. Sa pagkakataong ito, dahil hindi gumagana ang ilaw, posibleng poor wiring connection, overload, ground, o short circuitang problema.

**Elimination Method

Una, hindi maaaring overload kasi wala naming dinagdag na motor o utilitization equipment. Pangalawa, hindi din poor wiring connection kasi ngayon lang nangyari ang pagTRIP ng breaker. Kaya dalawa na lang ang maaaring issue dito,grounding at short circuit.

5) Use INSTRUMENTS to evaluate the affected area.

**Gamit ang multimeter, isa isang tiningnan ng masipag na electrician ang lahat ng poste. About 2 ft from ground, there’s a small opening in the lighting post, for the wiring of the street lamps. Sa dami ng koneksyn, isa isang hinimay ng technicianang lahat ng wire sa bawat poste ng ilaw na di gumagana. At sa isang tago at maliit na wire,nakita ng electrician ang kong bakbak na.Napakaliit lang na exposed wiring na dumidikit sa poste na metal, kaya nagtrip agad ang breaker.

6) Do necessary action.

** Corrective action - nilagyan lang ng electrical tape ang wire at naayos ang problema.